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Main Content

All information is valid as at 7 June 2019.

Introduction

Extracting and processing ore involves significant quantities of residue material – including tailings.

As the world’s demand for raw materials has grown at an accelerating pace in recent decades, and as the grades of many ores have decreased over time, so the volumes of this residue material have increased, exponentially.

Here we talk about what tailings are, how we manage them safely and provide details of our tailings storage facilities around the world.

Mark Cutifani - Chief Executive

Former Chief Executive statement

We have confidence in the integrity of Anglo American’s managed TSFs which are subject to the highest global safety and stewardship standards, using appropriate advanced technologies such as satellite monitoring, fibre optics and micro-seismic sensors.

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Mark CutifaniChief Executive

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下面的段落,我确认行为lf of the company that the information presented is true to the best of my knowledge, based on Anglo American’s governance, technical and review systems, as at May 2019.

本文所包含的信息说as of that date and Anglo American plc, its subsidiaries and affiliates (together, the “Anglo American Group”) expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to update the information contained herein due to a change in circumstances or otherwise.

Certain responses relate to information for operations in which companies in the Anglo American Group hold a non-operating interest (the "NOJV Responses"). The NOJV Responses are based on information provided to companies in the Anglo American Group by the relevant operating entities. No warranties, promises and/or representations of any kind, express or implied, are given, nor is any duty of care assumed by me or by any of the companies in the Anglo American Group, or by any of their directors, officers, employees or consultants as to the nature, standard, completeness, accuracy or otherwise of the NOJV Responses.

This information is made available for information purposes only. It is not intended to amount to any form of advice, recommendation or information on which any party is intended to rely. Reference is made to Anglo American plc’s annual report and other public disclosures by RNS that we may make from time to time. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, none of the companies in the Anglo American Group nor any of their directors, officers, employees or consultants accept responsibility or liability for any loss or damage of whatever nature (direct, indirect, consequential, or other) whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, which may arise as a result of use of or reliance upon any information contained herein.

The information presented includes forward-looking statements. By their nature, such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results to differ from what is expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

What are tailings?

Our definition

Tailings are the materials left over following the processing of mined ore that separates the valuable metals or minerals from the host rock. Tailings are not the same as waste rock, the latter being soil or rock or other material that covers or surrounds an orebody and that is displaced during mining but is not processed.

What is a tailings storage facility?

Our definition

Tailings storage facilities (TSF) play a major role in many mining operations around the world. A TSF is a highly engineered structure which consists of one or more tailings dams, with embankments designed to permanently store the tailings.

Every individual dam is unique and is designed, built and operated to specifications that are tailored to the physical nature of the tailings material itself, and a number of other factors.

Anglo American’s technical standard (Overview)

We completely revised and updated our technical standard for TSF safety management in early 2014. The standard is updated as appropriate and goes beyond regulatory and other industry requirements in all host jurisdictions. This mandatory global standard addresses the long-recognised principal risk that TSFs pose, sets minimum requirements for design criteria, monitoring, inspection and surveillance, and was peer-reviewed by international specialists.

Our standards

Our standards

Standards
  • Structural integrity
  • Highest standards
  • Consequence Classification of Structure (CCS) rating
  • All TSFs are built following established minimum design criteria aimed at ensuring structural integrity.
  • Change management is delivered to the highest standards aimed at ensuring the structural integrity is preserved over time.
  • All TSFs have a Consequence Classification of Structure (CCS) rating based on the potential hazard evaluation.
    a. Insignificant - no disruption to operation
    b. Minor - brief disruption to operation
    c. Moderate - partial shutdown of operation
    d. High - partial loss of operation
    e. Major - substantial or total loss of operation
Standards
  • Competent person
  • Engineer of Record
  • Dedicated team of Engineering specialists
  • ‘Major’ or ‘High’ CCS facilities have a Competent Person in charge.
  • Each TSF has an Engineer of Record (EOR), providing continuous support from initial design and construction, to monitoring and support.
  • Dedicated team of Group level Engineering specialists provide oversight, strategic direction and technical support. A review of tailings facilities at non-managed operations is done on a rotational basis approximately every three years.
  • Various forms of remote and other monitoring technology are used to measure TSF performance, including ground movement and seepage.
Standards
  • Regular inspections
  • Formal dam safety reviews
  • Independent review of critical facilities
  • Local site-based operational personnel conduct daily/weekly/biweekly inspections.
  • 三次采油进行了正式的大坝安全审查法力ged sites on a quarterly, semi-annual and/or annual basis.
  • A technical review panel conduct an independent review of critical facilities at least once per year.

How are tailings dams constructed?

There are six fundamental types of tailings dams, each constructed using different techniques:

Upstream

The upstream method starts with the construction of a starter dam. Tailings will naturally separate so that coarse material settles closest to the starter dam, while liquid and fine material settles furthest away. As the level of the materials rises, the crest of the dam is raised “upstream”, using the support of the previous dam raise and the tailings beach area.

Upstream

Downstream

The downstream method begins in most cases with a starter dam that has a low permeability zone or liner to control and minimise water loss. In some cases it also serves to initially store water for start-up of the plant.

Tailings are placed behind the dam and the embankment is raised by building the new wall on top of the downstream slope of the previous section.

Downstream

Centreline

The centreline method sits between the upstream and downstream construction methods. Like the upstream method, the tailings are discharged on top of the dam to form a beach behind the dam wall. When the dam is raised, material is placed on both the tailings beach and the existing embankment.

Centreline

Hybrid

A hybrid dam is a combination of the tailings dam types that are defined as either Downstream, Upstream or Centreline. Some tailings dams have changed construction type in the past and now are defined as 'hybrid'.

Landform

A landform dam is one that is typically a very old legacy tailings dam that has dried out to the point where it does not constitute a wet dam anymore, nor is considered a dam or containment structure at all. The main features, such as the outer wall slopes, may also be altered or flattened by erosion to the point that the facility is unrecognisable in comparison to its previous engineered state.

水retaining

水retaining type of dams are built using selected imported fill materials from designated borrow areas and quarries, placed in a controlled manner in lifts, typically resulting in an embankment structure that is designed to store water and tailings in direct contact. Water retaining structures may have specific engineered structural features, such as riprap, a low permeability liner or core zone, internal filters, and drainage system, to safely manage stored water and seepage flow through the dam body.

Anglo American managed operations – summary by country

Anglo American managed operations – summary by country

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